Conservation Choices: Windbreak/Shelterbelt

What it is

Single or multiple rows of trees and shrubs in linear configurations that protect areas from wind.

How it helps

• A windbreak reduces wind erosion, conserves energy, reduces heating bills, and beautifies a farmstead.
• Trees serve as a sound barrier and muffle road noise.
• Trees and shrubs provide food and shelter for wildlife and pollinators.
• Improved livestock weight gains can be expected when livestock are protected from winter winds and snow.
• Windbreaks can protect crops and plants from wind-related damage.
• Windbreaks can serve as a natural snow fence.
• They provide air quality improvement by reducing and intercepting air borne particulate matter, chemicals and odor.
• Windbreaks help delineate property and field boundaries.
• Improved irrigation efficiency.
• Trees can increase carbon storage in biomass and soils.

Planning ahead

• Have you planned enough space for summer air circulation, travel lanes or gardens?
• Will a mature windbreak cast a shadow over the driveway or nearby road, prolonging icy conditions?
• Will trees in the windbreak attract the desired wildlife species?
• Will the position of a mature windbreak cause a visibility hazard for drivers or dump snow where it’s not wanted?

Tech Notes

• Plant trees according to spacing recommendations for the species, and protect from livestock grazing and fire.
• Species must be suitable and adapted to the soils, climate, and purpose.
• The location, layout, and density of the planting should accomplish the purpose and function intended within a 20-year period.
• The planting should be done when survival and growth are ensured.

Maintenance

• Control competing vegetation.
• Replace dead trees and shrubs as necessary to maintain function.
• Provide water as needed.

Iowa Practice Standard

• Windbreak/Shelterbelt Establishment (PDF)
• Windbreak/Shelterbelt Renovation (PDF)