1997 Normalized Prices
Updated 07/21/2010
INFORMATIONAL MEMORANDUM FOR JAMES LYONS, UNDER SECRETARY FOR NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
THROUGH: I. Miley Gonzalez
Under Secretary
Research, Education, and Economics
FROM: Susan Offutt
Administrator
SUBJECT: 1997 Normalized Prices
ISSUE:
We transmit herewith the "current normalized prices" for use by Federal agencies in the evaluation of water related development projects in 1997. Consistent with established practice, these prices are transmitted to you for distribution to Federal water resource agencies. The methodology used to calculate these prices is explained in the attached text and is based on a 5-year moving average of historical data.
DISCUSSION:
This approach is designed to minimize short run distortions in prices caused by abnormal weather and temporary changes in foreign demand for agricultural products while deriving consistent relative prices for commodities and cost indices for production inputs.
The 1985 Food Security Act, the 1990 Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act, and the 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act have served to reduce the influence of government support prices for most agricultural commodities. Therefore, the approach that utilizes structural information and simulation models adds little information to an approach that uses longer run average market prices. Thus, The Economic Research Service will only calculate and report 5-year moving average market prices as the current normalized prices beginning in 1993, as proposed when the 1992 normalized prices were issued.
Attachment
cc: Ralph Brooks, Tennessee Valley Authority (w/attachment)
Alan Dickerman, Bureau of Reclamation (w/attachment)
Robert Daniel, Corps of Engineers (w/attachment)
Doug Lawrence, Natural Resources Conservation Service (w/attachment)
CURRENT NORMALIZED PRICES
The orderly development and use of water and related land resources require that a consistent set of economic standards and criteria be used for the evaluation of agricultural benefits and costs. Agricultural price standards provide the basis for valuing the agricultural effects of alternative development and management plans for water and related land resources.
AUTHORITY
The authority for these standards is set forth in the Water Resources Planning Act (P.L. 98-90) and in the Economic and Environmental Principles and Guidelines for Water and Related Land Resources Implementation Studies. These Principles and Guidelines state in part:
"Section 1.4.10 Prices
a. The prices of goods and services used for evaluation should reflect the real exchange values expected to prevail over the period of analysis. For this purpose, relative price relationships and the general level of prices for outputs and inputs prevailing during, or immediately preceding, the period of planning generally represent the real price relationships expected over the life of the plan, unless specific considerations indicate real exchange values are expected to change.
b. The general level of prices for outputs and inputs prevailing during or immediately preceding the period of planning is to be used for the entire period of analysis. In the case of agricultural planning, normalized prices prepared by the Department of Agriculture should be used."
CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR NORMALIZED AGRICULTURAL PRICES AND COSTS
Current normalized prices are to be used in all economic evaluations covered by the Principles and Guidelines, such as:
1. Evaluation of beneficial or adverse effects of alternative projects and programs under consideration.
2 Appraisals of economic impacts where such impacts are expressed in terms of value of production or income.
The project evaluation process should yield valid estimates of the aggregate benefits and costs during the life of the projects and programs under consideration. These estimates need to be based on relative price relationships that are representative of the period of analysis and that are not distorted by short-term abnormalities. Market prices and costs are generally influenced by highly variable factors such as weather and sudden demand changes. Thus, a procedure is needed to correct for the effects of these factors.
COMPUTATION METHODS TO DERIVE CURRENT NORMALIZED PRICES
Current normalized prices are derived from a five-year moving average of historical data series, 1991-95. The 1985 Food Security Act, the 1990 Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act, and the 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act have reduce the price influence of government support programs for most agricultural commodities. Therefore, the approach that utilized structural information and simulation models adds little information to an approach that uses longer run average market prices. Thus, ERS is calculating and reporting five-year moving average market prices as the current normalized prices beginning in 1993. The moving average approach is used to minimize short run distortions in market prices caused by such factors as abnormal weather patterns and short-term fluctuations in the foreign demand for agricultural products. For your comparison this year, we have included a table of normalized prices estimates for 1990 through 1997.
Indices of prices received and paid by farmers are based on a five-year moving average of historical data series as well. A comparison table has also been included for the indices from 1990 through 1997.
STATE PRICES
The State normalized prices were obtained by multiplying the National normalized prices by the average ratio of the State price to the National commodity price for the period 1993-95.
FURTHER PRICE ESTIMATION
Special circumstances will require further price estimation, such as:
1. Pricing of commodities not included in the price table.
For example, forest product prices are not included in the tables. Information on current prices for forest products can be obtained from the last issue of The Demand and Price Situation for Forest Products, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. To be consistent with the agricultural prices in this report, the stumpage prices should be adjusted to reflect value added from harvesting.
2. Determination of price differentials within States.
Current normalized prices for specific areas within a State may be derived by computing the average local area-to-area price ratio for the 1993-95 period and multiplying by the State normalized price.
3. Determination of price differentials to reflect product quality differences.
Published data do not provide, in most instances, a basis for deriving such price estimates. Procedures for estimating such price differentials will vary from one set of circumstances to another. Since a standard procedure cannot be specified, analysts confronted by such a problem must develop their own procedures. The basis used for estimating such price differentials should be fully documented in review reports.
4. Adjustments to reflect the impacts of project or program actions on market prices.
As specified in the Principles and Guidelines, whenever implementation of a plan is expected to influence price significantly, the use of a price about midway between those expected with and without implementation may be justified. Special consideration should be given to price adjustments where a program induced shift from a deficit to a surplus production area is expected, or vice versa.
These and other special price problems should be approached in such a manner as to achieve consistency with the published estimates of current normalized prices.
Normalized prices: 1990 through 1997*
Commodity Units 1990 1991 1992 1993** 1994** 1995** 1996** 1997**
Program Commodities
Wheat, all Bu. 2.90 2.75 2.80 3.13 3.26 3.17 3.11 3.50
Rye Bu. 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.10 2.24 2.26 2.38 2.55
Rice Cwt 6.00 7.00 7.00 7.15 6.91 7.10 6.98 7.48
Corn Bu. 2.00 2.25 2.25 2.30 2.32 2.33 2.29 2.48
Oats Bu. 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.60 1.55 1.30 1.25 1.36
Barley Bu. 1.80 2.05 2.05 2.25 2.30 2.14 2.06 2.21
Sorghum grain Cwt 3.40 3.75 3.75 3.76 3.78 3.85 3.81 4.20
Sugarbeets Ton 36.60 37.50 37.50 40.60 41.24 40.80 40.14 39.16
Sugarcane for sugar Ton 27.50 28.50 28.50 29.50 29.30 29.12 29.12 28.86
Cotton, lint (upland) Lb. 0.55 0.60 0.60 0.61 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.63
Tobacco Lb. 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.69 1.73 1.75 1.76 1.78
Soybeans for beans Bu. 4.90 5.65 5.70 6.07 5.98 5.80 5.75 5.95
Peanuts harvested for nuts Lb. 0.27 0.30 0.31 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 .29
Milk Cwt 11.75 11.50 12.25 12.87 13.00 13.12 13.00 12.81
Wool Lb. 0.75 0.75 0.70 0.98 0.94 0.77 0.68 0.72
Non-Program Commodities
Apples, fresh market Lb. 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.21
Oranges, all Box 6.10 6.20 6.30 8.44 7.65 7.28 6.80 6.52
Grapefruit, all Box 4.90 5.00 5.10 7.09 6.56 6.41 5.72 5.38
Sweetpotatoes Cwt 12.80 13.00 13.30 12.78 12.92 13.34 12.86 14.08
Steers and Heifers Cwt 56.70 71.00 74.00 73.28 75.28 76.36 75.46 72.64
Feeder steers - 8 markets Cwt 61.10 75.00 77.00 79.69 82.04*** 83.28*** 85.14*** 85.61***
Cows for slaughter Cwt 39.90 49.00 45.00 47.76 48.60 48.86 47.86 44.70
Calves Cwt 57.10 77.00 79.00 90.42 92.52 92.92 92.20 87.70
Sheep Cwt 18.00 18.50 19.00 24.48 23.74 24.34 25.64 26.60
Lambs Cwt 59.80 59.80 60.00 64.10 60.48 59.54 59.44 63.98
Hogs Cwt 44.00 51.00 50.50 47.76 45.84 46.42 45.90 43.26
Broilers, commercial Lb. 0.32 0.36 0.30 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33
Turkeys Lb. 0.45 0.50 0.52 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39
Eggs Doz. 0.55 0.60 0.60 0.63 0.64 0.66 0.64 0.63
Dry beans Cwt 19.00 20.00 20.50 21.78 22.62 21.32 20.14 20.38
Cottonseed Ton 75.00 85.00 75.00 99.60 102.40 101.50 100.70 97.90
Flaxseed Bu. 4.95 5.50 4.75 5.40 5.53 4.86 4.35 4.34
Hay, all (baled) Ton 70.00 80.00 80.00 77.44 79.12 78.62 79.48 79.80
Potatoes Cwt 4.80 5.20 5.50 5.78 5.94 6.03 5.62 5.72
* Prices for crops and milk are for marketing years 1990 through 1997; Prices for livestock and wool are for calendar
years 1990 through 1997.
** Prices based on five-year moving average estimates.
*** Price series has been discontinued, 1994 price based on four-year moving average estimates (1988-91), 1995 price based
on a three-year moving average (1989-1991), 1996 price based on a two year moving average (1990-1991), and 1997 price based
on 1991 price.
Normalized Price Indexes, 1990-97
:
: Market Clearing Price Estimates
Index :
: 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
1967=100
Prices received by farmers:
All farm products 238 261 268 258 263 265 261 260
All crops 237 246 249 240 245 245 238 243
Livestock and products 238 276 287 275 279 284 281 274
Prices paid by farmers:
All production items 307 326 338 326 336 345 354 361
Feed 215 237 239 231 237 235 235 235
Livestock 227 278 286 313 321 329 331 317
Seed 437 453 461 412 420 430 432 439
Fertilizer 243 247 256 235 240 239 240 252
Agric chemicals 204 207 215 212 222 234 251 260
Fuels and energy 370 379 396 370 385 399 420 416
Farm and motor supplies 250 257 262 246 253 258 255 263
Auto and trucks 522 542 567 524 548 575 630 676
Tractors & self-propelled mach. 448 462 477 457 479 501 526 555
Other machinery 512 531 553 507 531 554 * *
Building & fencing materials 323 331 341 323 329 339 356 367
Wage rates for hired farm labor 404 423 442 414 432 455 472 490
* Other machinery has been combined with tractors and self-porpelled machinery.
Normalized Indexes: 1997
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Indexes Market Clearing Price Estimates
_____________________________________________________________________________________
1990-1992=100 1977 = 100 1967 = 100
Prices received by farmers:
All farm products 100 142 260
All crops 104 126 243
Livestock and products 97 156 274
Prices paid by farmers:
All production items 104 180 361
Feed 101 127 235
Livestock 96 201 317
Seed 104 168 439
Fertilizer 106 139 252
Agricultural chemicals 107 165 260
Fuels and energy 94 206 416
Farm and motor supplies 107 159 263
Autos and trucks 109 289 674
Tractors and self-propelled machinery 109 233 555
Other machinery *
Building and fencing materials 106 160 367
Wage rates for hired farm labor 107 217 490
______________________________________________________________________________________
* The new index using 1990-92 as a base combined machinery with tractors and
self-porpelled machinery.
STATES: 1997 CURRENT NORMALIZED PRICES FOR PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMODITIES
:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATE : WHEAT : : : CORN : : :SORGHUM : HAY, : DRY : SUGAR : SUGAR :
: ALL 1/ : RYE 1/: RICE 1/ FOR : OATS 1/: BARLEY 1/ GRAIN : ALL : BEANS : BEETS 2/: CANE :
: : : : GRAIN 1/ : : : BALED : : : SUGAR 2/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: BUSHEL BUSHEL CWT. BUSHEL BUSHEL BUSHEL CWT . TON CWT. TON TON
:
MAINE : 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.07 0.00 0.00 84.33 0.00 0.00 0.00
NEW HAMPSHIRE : 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 105.80 0.00 0.00 0.00
VERMONT : 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 81.87 0.00 0.00 0.00
MASSACHUSETTS : 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 111.15 0.00 0.00 0.00
RHODE ISLAND : 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 119.72 0.00 0.00 0.00
CONNECTICUT : 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 112.73 0.00 0.00 0.00
NEW YORK : 3.20 2.12 0.00 2.64 1.41 0.00 0.00 82.05 17.79 0.00 0.00
NEW JERSEY : 2.99 3.74 0.00 2.68 0.00 1.70 0.00 107.18 0.00 0.00 0.00
PENNSYLVANIA : 3.27 2.75 0.00 2.92 1.58 1.74 0.00 92.53 0.00 0.00 0.00
DELAWARE : 3.07 0.00 0.00 2.71 0.00 1.63 0.00 97.30 0.00 0.00 0.00
MARYLAND : 3.12 2.25 0.00 2.69 1.53 1.72 0.00 97.29 0.00 0.00 0.00
:
MICHIGAN : 3.24 2.16 0.00 2.47 1.53 2.01 0.00 63.88 20.26 36.21 0.00
WISCONSIN : 2.91 2.99 0.00 2.42 1.34 1.61 0.00 66.69 26.69 0.00 0.00
MINNESOTA : 3.46 2.21 0.00 2.36 1.29 1.97 0.00 74.31 19.36 40.94 0.00
:
OHIO : 3.10 3.50 0.00 2.49 1.51 0.00 0.00 79.44 0.00 37.28 0.00
INDIANA : 3.04 2.74 0.00 2.51 1.59 0.00 0.00 72.50 0.00 0.00 0.00
ILLINOIS : 3.03 2.57 0.00 2.52 1.50 0.00 4.00 79.54 0.00 0.00 0.00
IOWA : 2.81 0.00 0.00 2.42 1.44 0.00 0.00 78.58 0.00 0.00 0.00
MISSOURI : 3.00 0.00 7.45 2.54 1.62 0.00 4.05 61.59 0.00 0.00 0.00
:
NORTH DAKOTA : 3.97 2.03 0.00 2.25 1.19 2.07 0.00 44.84 17.25 40.74 0.00
SOUTH DAKOTA : 3.55 2.26 0.00 2.30 1.40 2.08 3.37 56.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
NEBRASKA : 3.39 2.22 0.00 2.53 1.46 1.89 4.02 51.70 20.37 36.01 0.00
KANSAS : 3.36 2.71 0.00 2.54 1.52 1.84 4.10 68.83 18.29 0.00 0.00
:
VIRGINIA : 2.87 2.42 0.00 2.57 0.00 1.75 0.00 83.74 0.00 0.00 0.00
WEST VIRGINIA : 3.03 0.00 0.00 2.75 1.70 0.00 0.00 73.31 0.00 0.00 0.00
NORTH CAROLINA : 2.86 2.16 0.00 2.65 1.68 2.02 3.56 72.99 0.00 0.00 0.00
KENTUCKY : 3.05 0.00 0.00 2.55 0.00 1.80 4.27 72.51 0.00 0.00 0.00
TENNESSEE : 3.05 0.00 0.00 2.49 0.00 0.00 4.16 45.61 0.00 0.00 0.00
:
SOUTH CAROLINA : 2.94 2.38 0.00 2.63 1.56 2.01 4.14 71.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
GEORGIA : 2.83 3.04 0.00 2.66 1.54 0.00 4.39 61.87 0.00 0.00 0.00
FLORIDA : 2.72 0.00 0.00 2.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 82.73 0.00 0.00 30.32
ALABAMA : 3.11 0.00 0.00 2.63 1.37 0.00 4.50 55.43 0.00 0.00 0.00
:
MISSISSIPPI : 3.28 0.00 7.71 2.44 0.00 0.00 3.98 46.61 0.00 0.00 0.00
ARKANSAS : 3.03 0.00 7.38 2.48 1.79 0.00 4.02 56.87 0.00 0.00 0.00
LOUISIANA : 3.07 0.00 7.33 2.47 0.00 0.00 4.00 45.01 0.00 0.00 25.78
:
OKLAHOMA : 3.32 3.28 0.00 2.83 1.47 2.14 4.30 71.29 0.00 0.00 0.00
TEXAS : 3.18 2.86 7.67 2.62 1.79 2.65 4.15 64.10 18.09 35.26 27.23
:
MONTANA : 3.59 0.00 0.00 2.70 1.41 2.36 0.00 64.52 18.31 42.36 0.00
IDAHO : 3.35 0.00 0.00 2.99 1.46 2.65 0.00 79.24 18.78 40.45 0.00
WYOMING : 3.51 0.00 0.00 2.65 1.60 2.99 0.00 71.70 18.55 39.39 0.00
COLORADO : 3.49 2.39 0.00 2.63 1.80 2.81 4.34 80.77 18.21 36.99 0.00
NEW MEXICO : 3.28 0.00 0.00 2.57 0.00 0.00 4.63 106.73 25.69 37.28 0.00
ARIZONA : 3.93 0.00 0.00 3.17 0.00 2.75 0.00 85.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
UTAH : 3.63 0.00 0.00 3.03 1.69 2.45 0.00 66.03 19.15 0.00 0.00
NEVADA : 3.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.44 0.00 89.92 0.00 0.00 0.00
:
WASHINGTON : 3.70 0.00 0.00 2.88 1.44 2.19 0.00 90.10 20.88 0.00 0.00
OREGON : 3.66 0.00 0.00 3.09 1.61 2.21 0.00 93.72 21.15 38.59 0.00
CALIFORNIA : 3.49 0.00 7.54 3.14 1.89 2.73 0.00 96.77 32.36 36.65 0.00
:
ALASKA : 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.45 3.35 0.00 171.64 0.00 0.00 0.00
HAWAII : 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.54
:
:
1/ DOES NOT INCLUDE DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS.
2/ DOES NOT INCLUDE PAYMENTS UNDER THE SUGAR ACT.
CONTINUED
STATES: 1997 CURRENT NORMALIZED PRICES FOR PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES-CONTINUED
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: COMMODITIES
:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATE : COTTON, : : COTTON:SOYBEANS: PEANUTS : : APPLES :ORANGES : GRAPE-: : SWEET- :
: LINT :TOBACCO : SEED : FOR :HARVESTED:FLAXSEED: COMMER-: ALL : FRUIT :POTATOES :POTATOES:
: UPLAND 3/: : : BEANS :FOR NUTS : : CIAL 4/: : ALL 5/: : :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
POUND POUND TON BUSHEL POUND BUSHEL POUND BOX BOX CWT. CWT.
:
MAINE : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.225 0.00 0.00 6.32 0.00
NEW HAMPSHIRE : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.298 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
VERMONT : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.206 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MASSACHUSETTS : 0.000 5.592 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.254 0.00 0.00 6.67 0.00
RHODE ISLAND : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 6.24 0.00
CONNECTICUT : 0.000 5.605 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.296 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NEW YORK : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.189 0.00 0.00 8.11 0.00
NEW JERSEY : 0.000 0.000 0.00 5.81 0.000 0.00 0.257 0.00 0.00 5.87 17.44
PENNSYLVANIA : 0.000 1.184 0.00 5.72 0.000 0.00 0.170 0.00 0.00 7.33 0.00
DELAWARE : 0.000 0.000 0.00 5.94 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 8.65 0.00
MARYLAND : 0.000 1.608 0.00 5.94 0.000 0.00 0.219 0.00 0.00 8.49 15.47
:
MICHIGAN : 0.000 0.000 0.00 5.86 0.000 0.00 0.137 0.00 0.00 6.63 0.00
WISCONSIN : 0.000 1.447 0.00 5.86 0.000 0.00 0.273 0.00 0.00 5.68 0.00
MINNESOTA : 0.000 0.000 0.00 5.81 0.000 4.47 0.000 0.00 0.00 4.96 0.00
:
OHIO : 0.000 1.843 0.00 5.97 0.000 0.00 0.232 0.00 0.00 6.81 0.00
INDIANA : 0.000 1.847 0.00 5.94 0.000 0.00 0.236 0.00 0.00 6.30 0.00
ILLINOIS : 0.000 0.000 0.00 6.08 0.000 0.00 0.246 0.00 0.00 5.15 0.00
IOWA : 0.000 0.000 0.00 5.90 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 5.88 0.00
MISSOURI : 0.579 1.817 87.42 5.95 0.000 0.00 0.234 0.00 0.00 5.59 0.00
:
NORTH DAKOTA : 0.000 0.000 0.00 5.63 0.000 4.34 0.000 0.00 0.00 5.04 0.00
SOUTH DAKOTA : 0.000 0.000 0.00 5.58 0.000 4.31 0.000 0.00 0.00 4.38 0.00
NEBRASKA : 0.000 0.000 0.00 5.76 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 6.12 0.00
KANSAS : 0.604 0.000 100.42 5.90 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
:
VIRGINIA : 0.619 1.754 81.42 5.90 0.288 0.00 0.161 0.00 0.00 11.61 9.87
WEST VIRGINIA : 0.000 1.828 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.192 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NORTH CAROLINA : 0.637 1.733 81.42 5.87 0.291 0.00 0.134 0.00 0.00 6.30 10.17
KENTUCKY : 0.000 1.858 0.00 6.13 0.000 0.00 0.248 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TENNESSEE : 0.623 1.886 87.16 6.11 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
:
SOUTH CAROLINA : 0.651 1.713 76.55 6.03 0.281 0.00 0.221 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.89
GEORGIA : 0.641 1.691 73.43 5.93 0.292 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.81
FLORIDA : 0.633 1.685 82.52 5.83 0.278 0.00 0.000 6.14 5.28 12.12 0.00
ALABAMA : 0.609 0.000 82.17 6.07 0.301 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 10.61 13.75
:
MISSISSIPPI : 0.621 0.000 89.04 6.04 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.06
ARKANSAS : 0.607 0.000 91.15 6.15 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
LOUISIANA : 0.609 0.000 93.28 5.96 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.38
:
OKLAHOMA : 0.581 0.000 95.07 5.73 0.285 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TEXAS : 0.602 0.000 100.87 5.46 0.284 0.00 0.000 7.20 4.90 10.77 14.24
:
MONTANA : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 8.36 0.00
IDAHO : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.209 0.00 0.00 4.75 0.00
WYOMING : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 6.92 0.00
COLORADO : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.205 0.00 0.00 4.84 0.00
NEW MEXICO : 0.655 0.000 117.15 0.00 0.323 0.00 0.266 0.00 0.00 5.87 0.00
ARIZONA : 0.627 0.000 116.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.250 6.47 4.58 7.35 0.00
UTAH : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.172 0.00 0.00 5.18 0.00
NEVADA : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 6.34 0.00
:
WASHINGTON : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.211 0.00 0.00 5.09 0.00
OREGON : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.146 0.00 0.00 5.26 0.00
CALIFORNIA : 0.703 0.000 124.58 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.324 8.01 6.70 11.38 26.98
:
ALASKA : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 17.86 0.00
HAWAII : 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
:
:
3/ PRICES BASED ON A 480 POUND NET WEIGHT BALE.
4/ BOTH FRESH AND PROCESSED SALE PRICES (EQUIVALENT PACKINGHOUSE-DOOR RETURNS FOR WASHINGTON AND OREGON,
EQUIVALENT FIRST DELIVERY POINT FOR CALIFORNIA AND "AS SOLD" FOR OTHER STATES).
5/ EQUIVALENT PACKINGHOUSE-DOOR RETURNS PER BOX FOR ALL USES. -CONTINUED
STATES: 1997 CURRENT NORMALIZED PRICES FOR PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES-CONTINUED
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMODITIES
:-------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------
STATE : STEERS : : : : : :COMMER- : : : :
: AND : CALVES : SHEEP : LAMBS : HOGS : MILK 6/:CIAL :TURKEYS : EGGS : WOOL :
: HEIFERS : : : : : :BROILERS: : : :
:-------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
CWT. CWT. CWT. CWT. CWT. CWT. POUND POUND DOZ POUND
:
MAINE : 68.64 75.66 35.03 92.87 39.31 13.89 0.000 0.000 0.952 0.746
NEW HAMPSHIRE : 58.45 66.39 30.10 89.32 39.31 13.66 0.000 1.129 1.037 0.762
VERMONT : 60.02 73.99 33.37 83.32 39.31 13.30 0.000 0.000 1.029 0.824
MASSACHUSETTS : 59.08 73.03 34.74 100.24 39.31 13.76 0.000 1.137 1.030 0.705
RHODE ISLAND : 54.96 70.71 0.00 0.00 39.31 13.66 0.000 0.000 0.976 0.000
CONNECTICUT : 60.02 73.42 31.57 95.33 39.31 13.60 0.000 0.999 1.023 0.611
NEW YORK : 61.12 95.01 25.05 68.99 39.42 13.03 0.327 0.387 0.602 0.587
NEW JERSEY : 65.41 94.99 29.08 64.02 39.37 13.46 0.000 0.815 0.739 0.614
PENNSYLVANIA : 69.46 118.95 27.84 66.46 40.86 13.69 0.321 0.400 0.528 0.528
DELAWARE : 64.07 86.25 0.00 0.00 39.94 13.36 0.318 0.000 1.091 0.000
MARYLAND : 64.07 86.25 27.65 69.63 39.94 13.36 0.316 0.416 0.619 0.537
:
MICHIGAN : 64.84 90.03 20.59 66.56 42.16 13.10 0.339 0.380 0.440 0.477
WISCONSIN : 65.50 127.74 20.21 63.67 41.46 12.85 0.303 0.380 0.438 0.410
MINNESOTA : 64.53 90.58 22.84 63.53 44.64 12.75 0.324 0.342 0.426 0.409
:
OHIO : 70.25 84.85 25.49 64.78 43.41 13.07 0.293 0.349 0.493 0.444
INDIANA : 71.95 81.23 25.58 63.22 42.08 13.00 0.000 0.410 0.528 0.340
ILLINOIS : 71.07 116.07 23.72 59.00 42.08 12.83 0.000 0.410 0.639 0.357
IOWA : 72.39 87.45 27.02 64.43 44.19 12.70 0.333 0.377 0.428 0.386
MISSOURI : 75.95 85.55 22.54 59.71 42.13 12.93 0.351 0.403 0.461 0.409
:
NORTH DAKOTA : 75.99 87.21 24.05 62.05 38.90 11.94 0.000 0.342 0.392 0.593
SOUTH DAKOTA : 75.95 88.17 26.34 65.35 44.24 12.67 0.000 0.361 0.349 0.720
NEBRASKA : 73.22 95.24 25.56 63.83 44.55 12.53 0.340 0.370 0.390 0.473
KANSAS : 73.53 93.18 26.08 65.24 41.74 12.53 0.000 0.406 0.423 0.574
:
VIRGINIA : 70.16 79.43 22.39 65.80 43.78 13.96 0.319 0.409 0.877 0.571
WEST VIRGINIA : 70.39 75.62 20.75 63.06 37.28 13.10 0.319 0.409 1.145 0.540
NORTH CAROLINA : 71.73 80.94 25.11 58.66 44.33 14.19 0.316 0.384 0.757 0.596
KENTUCKY : 71.45 80.24 21.94 59.65 42.36 13.53 0.294 0.000 0.658 0.485
TENNESSEE : 70.97 76.86 26.59 64.76 41.36 13.83 0.314 0.000 0.767 0.568
:
SOUTH CAROLINA : 66.63 83.45 0.00 0.00 40.89 14.26 0.327 0.384 0.649 0.000
GEORGIA : 68.33 79.26 0.00 0.00 42.22 14.56 0.330 0.409 0.762 0.000
FLORIDA : 70.88 86.55 0.00 0.00 38.46 15.25 0.329 0.000 0.488 0.000
ALABAMA : 71.13 78.46 20.19 51.86 38.86 14.22 0.327 0.000 0.965 0.671
:
MISSISSIPPI : 68.57 78.48 0.00 0.00 42.74 13.89 0.322 0.000 0.948 0.000
ARKANSAS : 74.11 79.56 0.00 0.00 41.37 13.70 0.349 0.416 0.989 0.000
LOUISIANA : 70.84 82.11 29.49 63.00 37.16 13.89 0.000 0.000 1.008 0.456
:
OKLAHOMA : 78.09 89.08 30.52 60.46 40.29 13.16 0.349 0.000 0.921 0.563
TEXAS : 73.58 88.53 31.49 63.97 38.05 13.16 0.364 0.000 0.654 0.894
:
MONTANA : 79.45 86.81 25.17 65.61 41.58 13.36 0.000 0.000 0.584 0.803
IDAHO : 69.68 84.76 24.55 60.95 41.72 12.17 0.000 0.000 0.641 0.643
WYOMING : 79.12 88.94 24.72 65.26 41.71 11.87 0.000 0.000 0.719 0.790
COLORADO : 74.12 92.65 25.92 64.23 44.98 13.13 0.000 0.000 0.685 0.708
NEW MEXICO : 74.19 86.40 27.43 63.52 41.03 11.64 0.000 0.000 0.629 0.794
ARIZONA : 71.59 90.44 28.18 63.94 42.17 12.93 0.000 0.000 0.503 0.481
UTAH : 73.53 89.35 20.09 61.84 36.08 12.14 0.000 0.520 0.498 0.717
NEVADA : 73.88 88.35 19.12 55.56 41.52 12.20 0.000 0.000 0.430 0.714
:
WASHINGTON : 72.90 85.57 21.44 58.97 42.63 12.34 0.330 0.000 0.733 0.600
OREGON : 72.42 83.71 22.63 58.40 46.61 12.50 0.300 0.410 0.797 0.523
CALIFORNIA : 70.38 86.68 24.20 64.68 47.09 11.49 0.311 0.425 0.498 0.652
:
ALASKA : 82.86 89.35 44.13 77.31 60.20 20.20 0.000 0.000 1.767 1.105
HAWAII : 52.69 66.45 0.00 0.00 82.63 23.01 0.483 0.000 0.863 0.000
:
:
6/ SOLD TO PLANTS AND DEALERS.
